swordfish top speed

Swordfish Top Speed - If you show someone a swordfish, it won't take more than a second or two for them to identify it. The appearance of the swordfish is one of the most famous in the sea; this is mainly due to this long appendage protruding from the swordfish's face that looks like a sword (hence the name).

Swordfish can swim at an average speed of 40 mph and can reach a top speed of about 62 mph. For those who have ever tried to swim in water, you probably know that the water creates a lot of resistance against you.

Swordfish Top Speed

So what is the secret of the swordfish? "In addition to the aerodynamic bodies and tail propulsion systems that all fish have, swordfish may also display the ability to lubricate their heads with a type of body fat.

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A gland where the xiphoid appendage meets the head can constantly lubricate the swordfish's head, which allows the head to better "cut" the resistance of the water, whether it is flowing or standing still.

Scientists reportedly found and studied the gland under MRI scanners for a closer look. They also tried a few other methods to bring out more, including using a light bulb on the creature's skin to see where the oil might be coming from.

They found a network of blood vessels in the creature's skin that appeared to originate from a possible sebaceous gland. The results show that the gland feeds the blood vessels and allows the oil to be released on the surface of the creature's skin.

Because oil is lighter than water, you may find that when you try to wash the oil off your hands after cooking with just water, the oil remains. You will need soap or some detergent to "degrease" your hands.

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The same concept applies here. The oil sticks to the fish's head despite all the water around it. Because oil is hydrophobic, water does not stick to oil and anything that is lubricated can simply push through the water without friction or much resistance.

The idea that oil plays an important role in the fish's unusually high top speed may be very viable. The team estimates that the oil can reduce friction by as much as 20%, but this is without actual testing.

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The swordfish is well known for its namesake beak, which can reach 1.5 meters in length, but this species (Xiphiasgladius) is also one of the fastest fish on Earth. Now scientists have discovered part of how a swordfish can accelerate to an estimated top speed of 100 kilometers per hour - oil. Inspired by a study published last year that revealed a previously unseen weakness in swordfish skulls at the base of the beak, the researchers placed two fish in an MRI machine and then cut them open. According to a study published today

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. Capillaries connected this gland to the heads of the swordfish, allowing their skin to release oil as water flowed past the head. This oil can reduce a swordfish's skin resistance by more than 20%, helping them hunt moving squid and fish in the open ocean, as shown in the image above. Scientists hope to continue analyzing swordfish skin, but the species is difficult to study because it is too sensitive to stress to survive in captivity.

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Now scientists claim to have found a new, never-before-seen organ that could be responsible for such cutting-edge speeds.

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Swordfish have a lubrication gland at the base of their beak, or sword, according to new experiments published today in the Journal of Experimental Biology. When the animal swims, this gland pumps a cocktail of fatty acids to its skin through a network of tiny capillaries and pores. (See "Why a swordfish's sword doesn't break.")

Scientists believe that the oil on the front of the swordfish's head creates a water-repellent layer, reducing drag and allowing the predator to glide through the sea more easily.

It's surprising that such a large sport fish, used around the world, has managed to hide such speed-boosting adaptations for so long, says study leader John Wiedeler, a retired marine zoologist at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.

It all started when Wiedeler read a recent study on the strength of a swordfish's beak. "They found a weak spot, and I realized I knew what was causing it," he says.

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According to Nicole Sharp, an aerospace engineer and author of the FYFD Hydrodynamics Blog, "Covering the fish with a layer of hydrophobic liquid, such as oil, can reduce its drag."

Reducing drag is important to speed because drag is the force that slows down an object moving through a fluid. "The water would slide off the oil rather than stick to the fish scales," says Sharpe, who was not involved in the new study.

But confirming this is not an easy task: swordfish cannot be kept in captivity, and their speed makes them difficult to observe in the wild.

"You should be running your lab at the swordfish, not the other way around!" says Erik Warrant, a zoologist at Lund University in Sweden who was not involved in the new study.

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When scanned, the scientists found both oil-transporting capillaries and tiny, scaly teeth around the opening of each pore.

They think these scales create microscopic air pockets between the water and the fish's skin, another way to reduce drag.

"I'm open to the hypothesis that these sebaceous glands and capillary systems provide lubrication to the swordfish, which may help reduce its resistance," she says.

First, there don't seem to be enough teeth to create the turbulence needed for a superhydrophobic surface.

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Instead, Sharp considers it a "fluid-impregnated surface" in which the ridged surface (swordfish skin) is protected from the liquid (seawater) by another layer of liquid (oil).

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"The newly discovered gland will add to their advantage as a predator and is a great example of species competing with each other in a sort of evolutionary arms race."

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